Key takeaways
- Hierarchy of road users: those who can cause the greatest harm have the greatest responsibility.
- Give way to pedestrians crossing or waiting to cross a road you're turning into.
- Leave at least 1.5 metres when overtaking cyclists at up to 30mph.
- Pass horse riders at under 10mph, leaving at least 2 metres.
Hierarchy of road users (rule H1)
People driving larger or faster vehicles carry the greatest responsibility to reduce the danger they pose to others. For car drivers, that means extra care around pedestrians, cyclists and horse riders.
Pedestrians at junctions (rule H2)
At a junction, give way to pedestrians crossing or waiting to cross a road you're turning into or out of. You should also give way to pedestrians on a zebra crossing and to people walking or cycling on a parallel crossing.
Cyclists (rule H3 and rule 163)
- Don't cut across cyclists when turning into or out of a junction or changing lanes.
- Leave at least 1.5 metres when overtaking at speeds up to 30mph, and more at higher speeds.
- Cyclists may ride in the centre of a lane on quieter roads, in slower traffic and at junctions.
Horse riders and pedestrians in the road
Pass horses at under 10mph, allowing at least 2 metres. Allow at least 2 metres when passing pedestrians walking in the road at low speed.
The Dutch Reach
Open your car door with the hand furthest from it. It makes you turn your head and look for cyclists before opening.
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Frequently asked questions
What is the hierarchy of road users?
How much space should I give a cyclist?
Sources
This guide is general information, checked against the official sources above on 9 October 2026. Rules and figures can change — always check GOV.UK before booking or travelling.